How to Make Ingredient Substitutions in Recipes
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Cooking at home gets frustrating when you’re in the middle of a recipe and discover you don’t have what you need. With this list, you’ll know the cooking ingredient substitutions that work, so your recipe still comes out beautifully.
Master List of Cooking Ingredient Substitutions
Check out these common ingredient swaps to make when you don’t have everything a recipe calls for.
Keep This List Handy
Hang this list of cooking ingredient substitutions inside a kitchen cupboard. Next time you’re out of something, you’ll know what you can use in its place without making yet another trip to the store.
| If you’re out of…… | Make this cooking ingredient substitution… | The substitution makes this amount… |
| Allspice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger and 1/4 teaspoon ground cloves | 1 teaspoon |
| Baking mix | 1 cup pancake mix | 1 cup |
| Baking powder | 1/4 teaspoon baking soda and 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar | 1 teaspoon |
| Beer/wine | 1 cup chicken broth | 1 cup |
| Breadcrumbs | 1 cup cracker crumbs OR 1 cup ground instant oatmeal | 1 cup |
| Broth (chicken or beef) | 1 bouillon cube dissolved in 1 cup boiling water OR 1 cup vegetable broth | 1 cup |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup white sugar and 1 tablespoon molasses, mixed well. (For dark brown sugar use 1 1/2 tablespoons molasses.) | 1 cup |
| Butter, salted | 1 cup unsalted butter OR 1 cup shortening and 1/2 teaspoon salt | 1 cup |
| Butter, unsalted | 1 cup shortening | 1 cup |
| Buttermilk | 1 tablespoon white vinegar OR lemon juice and enough milk or plain yogurt to make 1 cup | 1 cup |
| Chocolate, semisweet(not chips) | 1 ounce (a square) of unsweetened baking chocolate and 3 tsp. white sugar | 1 ounce |
| Chocolate, semisweet chips | 1 cup chocolate candy bar, chopped | 1 cup |
| Chocolate, unsweetened | 3 tablespoons cocoa powder and 1 tablespoon shortening or neutral-flavored cooking oil | 1 ounce |
| Cocoa powder | 1 once (a square) of unsweetened baking chocolate, ground | 1/4 cup |
| Corn syrup, light | 1 1/4 cup white sugar dissolved in 1/3 cup water OR use dark corn syrup (though the flavor will be affected) | 1 cup |
| Cracker crumbs | 1 cup bread crumbs OR 1 cup ground instant oats | 1 cup |
| Cream, half-and-half | 1 tablespoon melted butter and enough milk to make 1 cup | 1 cup |
| Cream, heavy (for baking or cooking, not whipping) | 1/3 cup melted butter and 3/4 cup milk OR 1 cup evaporated milk (not fat-free) | 1 cup |
| Cream cheese | 1 cup cottage cheese put through a blender | 1 cup |
| Crème fraiche | 1 cup heavy cream and 1 tablespoon plain yogurt left to stand at room temperature 2-4 hours | 1 cup |
| Egg | 1/4 cup liquid egg substitute (Egg Beaters) OR 1 tablespoon flax-seed soaked in 3 tablespoons warm water until gel forms | 1 egg |
| Egg white | 3 tablespoons meringue powder mixed in 6 tablespoons water | 3 egg whites |
| Evaporated milk | 1 cup light cream | 1 cup |
| Flour, bread | 1 cup all-purpose flour and 1 teaspoon vital wheat gluten | 1 cup |
| Flour, self-rising | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour and 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt | 1 cup |
| Garlic, clove | 1/8 teaspoon garlic powder | 1 clove |
| Ginger, powdered | 2 teaspoons finely minced fresh ginger | 1 teaspoon |
| Ginger, fresh | 1/2 teaspoon powdered ginger | 1 teaspoon minced |
| Green onion | 1/2 cup chopped yellow onion or leek | 1/2 cup |
| Herbs, dried | 1 tablespoon fresh herb | 1 teaspoon dried herb |
| Herbs, fresh | 1 teaspoon dried herb | 1 tablespoon fresh herb |
| Honey | 1 cup light corn syrup OR 1 1/4 cup white sugar dissolved in 1/3 cup water | 1 cup |
| Hot sauce | 3/4 teaspoon cayenne powder and 1 teaspoon white vinegar | 1 teaspoon |
| Ketchup | 1 tablespoon sugar and 1 teaspoon apple cider vinegar mixed into 1 cup tomato sauce | 1 cup |
| Lard | 1 cup shortening or 1 cup butter | 1 cup |
| Lemon grass | 1 tablespoon freshly grated lemon zest | 2 stalks |
| Lemon juice | 1/2 teaspoon fresh lime juice OR 1/2 teaspoon white vinegar | 1 teaspoon |
| Lemon zest | 2 tablespoons freshly squeezed lemon juice OR 1 teaspoon lime zest | 1 teaspoon |
| Lime juice | 1 teaspoon fresh lemon juice OR 1 teaspoon white vinegar | 1 teaspoon |
| Lime zest | 1 teaspoon freshly grated lemon zest | 1 teaspoon |
| Margarine | 1 cup shortening and 1/2 teaspoon salt OR 1 cup butter | 1 cup |
| Mayonnaise | 1 cup plain yogurt OR 1 cup Greek yogurt OR 1 cup sour cream | 1 cup |
| Milk, Whole | 1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water OR 1/3 cup dry milk powder and 1 cup water OR 1 cup rice milk, soy milk or almond milk | 1 cup |
| Molasses | 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar, mixed well | 1 cup |
| Mustard, dry | 1 tablespoon prepared mustard | 1 teaspoon |
| Mustard, prepared | 1 tablespoon dry mustard mixed with 1 teaspoon water and 1 teaspoon white vinegar and 1 teaspoon sugar | 1 tablespoon |
| Oil (for baking) | 1 cup applesauce | 1 cup |
| Oil (for sautéing) | 3 tablespoons chicken, beef or vegetable broth | 2 tablespoons |
| Onion | 1 cup chopped leeks OR 1 cup chopped green onions OR 1/4 dried onion flakes OR 1 tablespoon onion powder | 1 cup, chopped |
| Orange juice | 1 tablespoon other citrus juice | 1 tablespoon |
| Orange liqueur | 1/2 teaspoon orange extract and 1 tablespoon water | 2 tablespoons |
| Orange zest | 1 teaspoon lemon juice | 1 tablespoon |
| Pumpkin pie spice | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and 1/4 teaspoon dried ginger and 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg and 1/8 teaspoon ground cloves | 1 teaspoon |
| Raisins | 1 cup dried cranberries or 1 cup dried currants | 1 cup |
| Ricotta cheese | Drain 2 cups cottage cheese in a sieve for 30 minutes, measure out 1 cup after draining OR 1 cup silken tofu | 1 cup |
| Shallots | 1/2 cup chopped leek or 1/2 cup chopped green onion (white part only) | 1/2 cup |
| Shortening | 1 cup butter | 1 cup |
| Sour cream | 1 cup plain or Greek yogurt OR 1 tablespoon vinegar and enough cream to make 1 cup | 1 cup |
| Sugar, Brown | 1 cup white sugar mixed with 1 tablespoon molasses | 1 cup |
| Sugar, White | 1 cup packed brown sugar (flavor will be affected) | 1 cup |
| Tomato sauce | 1/2 cup tomato paste combined with 1/2 cup water (adjust flavor as desired) | 1 cup |
| Vegetable oil (baking) | 1 cup applesauce | 1 cup |
| Vinegar | 1 teaspoon lemon or lime juice | 1 teaspoon |
| Wine | 1 cup chicken, beef of vegetable broth | 1 cup |
| Yogurt | 1 cup sour cream or 1 cup buttermilk | 1 cup |
More How-Tos:
You won’t be sorry. It’s supper delicious 😀
Oh Mighty Katie, I believe it was YOU who once wrote to use finely minced mushrooms to expand a recipe when you want to stretch ground beef (or ground whatever). I haven’t had a need to do that yet, but it stuck in my mind. It qualifies as a substitute, right? Also: last night I found a low-carb meatball recipe which calls for flaxseed meal instead of bread crumbs (which I would normally use). The meatballs had a beautiful, light texture. Of course, they’re only low-carb if you don’t serve them over egg noodles or mashed taters or something… 🙂
You’re right, I did recommend using minced mushrooms to replace, or supplement, ground beef. What an excellent memory you have, Terry!
The flax seed meal one as a substitute for bread crumbs is new to me. As you can see above, ground seeds when mixed with water make a good substitution for eggs. Maybe they worked the same in your meatballs? I’ll have to give that a try!
Wow what a great chart to have around.
Thanks, Alicia!
Love the cooking substitutions. It’s a keeper!